Business Management Essay Samples

Business Management Essay SamplesIt is common knowledge that there are many business management essay samples to choose from when writing your college or university essay. A business management essay may be an important part of your college or university application, and choosing the best one for you can be a difficult task.Many students have actually written multiple essays based on their business management coursework. Some essays had more creativity than others, but all of them managed to discuss important topics that would be considered 'big' in your business administration class. Of course, the best essay would have taken the most time, and it should have covered the essentials. Let's look at some business management essay samples that you may want to use for your school essay:No topic essay- This sample is perfect for someone who is just starting out. It takes the basics of business management and discusses those essential principles in very broad strokes. It can easily be adap ted into a college or university essay if you wish to do so. The pros of this sample include its flexibility and simplicity, and its simplicity makes it easy to adapt to several different essays.MBA Business Management Essay- This essay presents a well thought out outline of MBA business management. It takes the essentials of MBA business management and illustrates them with real life examples. The pros of this sample include its ability to present a high level overview of MBA business management, as well as the fact that it can easily be used as a college or university essay. Its simplicity makes it easy to adapt it to different forms of college or university essays.MBA Business Management Essay - As the name suggests, this is a more extended version of the MBA Business Management Essay. Instead of having a broad outline, it has a step by step process to follow, giving the student the ability to dig deeper into the details of the various areas of MBA business management. The major aspect of this sample is its ability to show a person how critical thinking can help them develop better MBA business management. The pros of this sample include its ability to expand the skills of the business graduate, and the fact that it can be used in a college or university essay.The Business Management Essay Essay- This is an overview of the four principal areas of business management. The advantage of this sample is that it shows a person how their coursework can lead them to master these areas of business management. The main focus of this sample is to show a person how they can really become a leader in their field. The pros of this sample include its versatility, flexibility, and overall effectiveness.These are just a few of the different types of business management essay samples that you can use for your college or university business administration courses. They each cover the basics of business management and can be used to teach the students how to evaluate the needs of a company, and their tools and strategies to improve the company's business. It would be best to find a sample that can be used for each college or university writing assignment.

A Report On A Cheating Husband - 1390 Words

A Cheating Husband. One cold winter night a pregnant wife and mother of two tried to get in contact with her navy husband. Her husband’s name was John. John left his wife Nicole in the worst pain of her life, to go on duty. Nicole knew when she married her husband that he was married to his work, but she thought being a dedicated wife and mother to her family that he would somehow come around. Two days passed with Nicole not hearing nor seeing her husband. The kids started to worry about their father and Nicole the pregnant wife is starting letting her feelings and emotions show. The kids are asking â€Å"why is mama crying? Where is my father Nicole has no answers to her children questions because the fact still stands she has no idea where he is herself. It’s been 5 days now. It’s Tuesday morning and the kids are up and dressed for school. Nicole decided to call around and look for her husband. Her first instinct was to call his job, she thought that is where he was. She called the number John left in case of emergency. When she called she ask for John, what is the last name the man stated? â€Å"John Jackson† Nicole said. Sorry ma’am ] there is no one in our records by the name of John Jackson. There must be a mistake my husband to me that he worked for this navy base, he told me to call this number. Well sorry ma I can call around to see if he was moved by as my records are showing there is no John Jackson with us. Later that Tuesday Nicole went to have coffee with her twoShow MoreRelatedIs Cheating Ethical1654 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, fairness, or specific virtues. Secondly, ethics refers to the study and development of one’s ethical standards (Williams, 2010, pp. 2-4). Cheating is defined in the dictionary as, to deceive by trickery; swindle, however the dictionary fails to tell you if it is right or wrong to cheat. 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She should’ve checked her facts before she went after one of her friends’ husband for cheating with another woman when in fact the woman was just trying to cover up the fact that she was the guilty party and was trying to divert her husband’s attention from her numerous adulterous acts. I had to admit she was quite clever. Whenever her husband would ask her whereabouts, she would quickly turn the tables and say she was out trying to find out who was theRead MoreEveryone Needs to Know about the Rosewood Incident797 Words   |  3 Pagesabout. A white woman by the name Fannie Taylor cheated on her husband. The man who Fannie cheated on her husband with beat her after they got done having sex. She didn’t want her husband to find out about her cheating, so she lied to everyone in town. She said â€Å"that a black man raped and robbed her’. An old lady by the name of Sarah Carrier was the house maid of the Taylor household was there the time Mrs. Taylor cheated on her husband. She heard Mrs. Taylor lied about being raped by a black man,Read MoreWhy Social Networks Have Done More Harm Than Good in Our Society1366 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents who use social networking sites use them to connect with their family, and long distance friends, proponents of social networking sites may argue that it helps students to do better at school, and that 59% of students with access to the internet report that they use social networking sites to discuss educational topics and 50% use these sites talk about school assignments, according to procon.org (2). However, since these sites are not one hundred percent accurate and reliable, how are we sureRead MoreMad Men: Influencing Minorities of the 1960’s Essay885 Words   |  4 Pageseverything for Don’s wife, his wife is unhappy with nothing to do. She feels worthless and lonely. While her husband goes out and cheats on her routinely. (â€Å"Mad Men: Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Sexuality, and Class†.) Don who has been cheating on his wife regularly is not seen as scandalous in that era. (â€Å"Mad Men: Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Sexuality, and Class†.) If a woman was cheating on her husband or just sleeping around it would be seen as scandalous and not only that, the treatment of that woman would

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question: Discuss about the Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Answer: Introduction According to Doney et al. (2016), alcohol produces by far the most complicated and dangerous neurobehavioral challenges to the fetus when compared to all the substances abused such as marijuana, heroin, and cocaine. Prenatal exposure occurs when the alcohol crosses the placenta leading to the rise in the alcohol level in the blood of the fetus that in worst cases can reach maternal blood level. Kavanagh and Payne (2014) denote that alcohol being a teratogen, it can cause any malfunctions to the infant leading to behavioral, physical, or learning challenges when the child is born. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders is a major disorder that occurs due to fetal exposure to alcohol by the parent (Mutch, Watkins, Bower, 2015). This paper evaluates the occurrence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among the Australian Indigenous Communities, impacts it can cause to an individual and the community, and its diagnosis and treatment. The paper also evaluates some of the contributing factors th at can prevent its effective treatment and possible ramifications in the case of poor management. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term used in describing a spectrum of conditions that affects an individual due to fetal exposure to alcohol by the mother during pregnancy as pointed out by Salmon (2011). The study also denotes that every condition related to the disorder and its diagnosis is often based on characteristic feature presentations which are always unique to the person affected and may be neurobehavioral, physical, or developmental. As an umbrella term, the FASDs consist of the following conditions that all arise due to prenatal alcohol exposure; Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder abbreviated as ARND Alcohol Related Birth Defects abbreviated as ARBD Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Partial Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (PFAS) Impacts of FASD on the Community and Individuals According to Abbs (2015), alcohol can cause great damage to the unborn infant at any level during pregnancy, an aspect that also determines the level of harm an individual can experience. The level of harm that can be experienced is also determined by the frequency and amount of alcohol exposure which is moderated by parental age, nutrition of the mother, and intergenerational alcohol use. For instance, Freckelton (2016) points out that the use of alcohol by the mother while living under poor diet or smoking cigarettes will worsen the condition of the fetus towards the exposure. The same study points out that the environmental factors affecting the mother such as stress, poverty, and exposure to violence are likely to worsen the condition of the FASD related infections to the fetus. In their study, Latimer et al. (2015) point out that many indigenous communities and individuals within the indigenous communities in Australia living with FASD often face a primary, secondary, and tertia ry challenges. The primary conditions that can be observed in an individual include impulsiveness, memory lapse, learning difficulties, difficulties in relating actions to different consequences, delays in development of a child, and even damage to major organs in the body Diagnosis and Treatment With modern technology and its adoptions within the medical industries in Australia, Fitzpatrick et al. (2015) point out that clinicians across Australia adopted the use of FASD diagnostic instrument as part of the Australian Guide to the diagnosis of the disease. In 2016, the Australian medical expert review panel harmonized the Australian diagnostic subcategories based on those recommended by the Canadian guidelines with the aim of accepting the overarching FASD diagnostic subcategories. These categories include; FASD with less than three sentinel facial features- a diagnosis process encompassing the proviso categories of Neuro-developmental Disorder-Alcohol Exposure and Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome FASD diagnosis consisting of three sentinel features in the fetal face- is a process that is similar to the previous Fetal Alcohol Syndrome diagnosis. Like any other physical disability condition, Burns et al. (2013) point out that FASD is a physical brain-based disorder that requires environmental accommodation. With early neurobehavioral interventions and a correct diagnosis as well as appropriate parental support and care in early stages of childhood, the quality of life and learning outcomes for individuals suffering from FASD can vastly improve. In his study, Salmon (2011) recommends interdependence rather than the independence objective for many adults affected by FASD as an acknowledgment of the need for appropriate support in the attempt of sustaining the individual capacity of engaging in economic and social life. It is also crucial to develop accommodation in full consultations with the people living with FASD since every individual has a particular need. Burns et al. (2013) also identify some case management approaches and support strategies in the treatment of FASD to include; Setting short-term strategic goals with intensive support, realistic expectations, and follow-through Non-indigenous educational support plans and approaches that professionally recognizes the relevant needs of FASD individuals within the indigenous Australian communities. Latimer et al. (2015) denote that the mainstream approaches only rely on the memory functionality and behaviors that at the end affect the cause-effect reasoning, filtration of external stimuli, sequestration, planning, and acceptance of the unexpected environmental changes that often affect the patients. Adopting the use of public trustee for effective management of finances during treatment and intervention. Adopting concrete language and routine structures such as using tools for planning the activities within the timelines as recommended for treatment. Contributing Factors that can Prevent Successful Treatment for Australian Indigenous Communities The physical, neurobehavioral, and developmental features with the FASD are rarely apparent at birth unless there are facial growth factors related to the disorder are observed and may be difficult to notice until the child attains the school age when learning and behavioral difficulties become problematic (Mutch, Watkins, Bower, 2015). In their study, Kavanagh and Payne (2014) also denotes that there is often unrecognized impairments f the brain with primary symptoms that often cause misunderstanding by those in authority who cast laziness or defiant behavior to individuals living with FASD. In the effort of trying to meet unrealistic expectations, the individual often develops secondary defensive behaviors that are then paradoxically used to label and stereotype the affected individuals based on the observed behaviors. Being an invisible disability, FASD often goes undetected and can often be ignored, overlooked, or attributed to other non-genetic conditions, a factor that brings challenges to the process of management and treatment of the disorder according to Doney et al. (2016). Other challenges are often caused by blaming them on poor parenting and unhealthy post birth environments that predispose the children to other infections. There is also a lack of proper understanding by the community providers towards FASD since the service provisions and assessments are often evidence based on the behavior of the incapability of the affected individuals. According to Latimer et al. (2015), problem behavior presentations, as well as the absence of biomarkers, often result in assumptions concerning the individuals that are often unfair instead of being helpful. It hence means that most of the community healthcare providers within the Australian Indigenous population do not have a clear understanding that FASD is a physical brain-based disorder with symptomatic behaviors to the brain, an aspect that prevents successful treatment. Ramifications in Case of PoorManagement of FASD When poorly managed in an individual, there are both primary and secondary conditions that can last a lifetime depending on the amount of alcohol exposure during pregnancy according to Mutch, Watkins, and Bower (2015). The primary conditions that can be observed in an individual include impulsiveness, memory lapse, learning difficulties, difficulties in relating actions to different consequences, delays in the development of a child, and even damage to major organs in the body such as the kidney. Freckelton (2016) also denotes that the unfairness they face reinforces the invisibility of their brain-based conditions hence perpetuating their sense of failure to believe that they cant do rather than they wont do. As a result, other tertiary conditions are likely to occur due to the failure in meeting the expectations while developing defensive behavioral mechanisms. The tertiary conditions likely to be faced by such individuals include sexual victimization, early and unplanned parenthoo d, economic and family dependence, incomplete education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and involvement in criminal justice systems. Conclusion Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders is a serious challenge among the Australian Indigenous communities who still struggle with the challenge of drug and substance abuse and the related effects to the society. Like any other physical disability condition, FASD is a physical brain-based disorder that requires environmental accommodation so as to help the affected individuals view life positively. With early neurobehavioral interventions and a correct diagnosis as well as appropriate parental support and care in early stages of childhood, the quality of life and learning outcomes for individuals suffering from FASD can vastly improve. References Abbs, P. (2015). Widening the gap: The gulf between policy rhetoric and implementation reality in addressing alcohol problems among Indigenous Australians.Drug Alcohol Review,34(5), 461-466. doi:10.1111/dar.12299 Burns, L., Breen, C., Bower, C., O' Leary, C., Elliott, E. J. (2013). Counting Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Australia: The evidence and the challenges.Drug Alcohol Review,32(5), 461-467. Doney, R. r., Lucas, B. b., Watkins, R. r., Tsang, T. t., Sauer, K. k., Howat, P. p., ... Elliott, E. e. (2016). Visual-motor integration, visual perception, and fine motor coordination in a population of children with high levels of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Research In Developmental Disabilities,55346-357. Fitzpatrick, J. P., Latimer, J., Ferreira, M. L., Carter, M., Oscar, J., Martiniuk, A. C., ... Elliott, E. J. (2015). Prevalence and patterns of alcohol use in pregnancy in remote Western Australian communities: The Lililwan.Drug Alcohol Review,34(3), 329-339. Freckelton, I. Q. (2016). Sentencing Offenders with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): The Challenge of Effective Management.Psychiatry, Psychology Law,23(6), 815-825. doi:10.1080/13218719.2016.1258752 Kavanagh, P. S., Payne, J. S. (2014). Education, safe drinking practices and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.Journal Of Paediatrics Child Health,50(9), 701-706. doi:10.1111/jpc.12615 Latimer, J., Carter, M., Oscar, J., Ferreira, M. L., Carmichael Olson, H., ... Elliott, E. J. (2015). Prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in a population-based sample of children living in remote Australia: The Lililwan.Journal Of Paediatrics Child Health,51(4), 450-457. doi:10.1111/jpc.12814 Mutch, R. C., Watkins, R., Bower, C. (2015). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Notifications to the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies.Journal Of Paediatrics Child Health,51(4), 433-436. doi:10.1111/jpc.12746 Salmon, A. (2011). Aboriginal mothering, FASD prevention and the contestations of neoliberal citizenship.Critical Public Health,21(2), 165-178. doi:10.1080/09581596.2010.530643

Mlb Players Are over Paid free essay sample

According to My Budget 360 the average middle class working American makes $46,326 a year (â€Å"How Much Does the Average American Make? Breaking Down the U. S. Household Income Numbers. † Par 2. ) Another problem teams are running into after paying their players large contracts is there lack of performance. It is also unfair to some of the lower income teams in the league. They are not able to pay the big name players in the league like many other teams in the league are able to. My argument with this is MLB athletes don’t deserve the amount of money they annually make, and it is unfair to everyday working Americans who are struggling to live the day to day life. To begin with, I believe Major League Baseball players are way overpaid, and have no idea what it is like to live off a regular American salary. According to baseball writer, Richard Cato, many rookie athletes are worried more about how much money there are going to make, before they even think about throwing their first pitch in there major league career. We will write a custom essay sample on Mlb Players Are over Paid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Almost 10 years ago former cubs pitcher, Mark Prior, argued and argued with team management that his 10 million dollar contract was not going to be enough to support himself and his family (par 5. ) This is where my problem begins with Athletes being overpaid. They complain about not making enough money each year, where middle and lower class Americans manage to live off there much smaller salaries. I personally think the league minimum of $480,000 a year is much too large, and is pretty ridiculous to be complaining about. Just recently former Cardinals star, Albert Pujols, left his team due to the inability to pay the about of money he wanted to make. His new contract is a 10-year 240 million dollar contract that is way too much for any American to make in this sort span of time. In my opinion the MLB should set a top cap that any player in the league is allowed to make in a season and still have a league minimum, but much lower then it currently is. Another problem teams are having after giving their athletes large contracts is there are not performing like they once were, before there had their large contract. Next, there is a large problem with big name athletes getting very large contracts and not performing like they once did in their careers, before that made their multi-million dollar contracts. Athletes begin to get the thought in their head after they sign a large contract, that they are set for life and don’t have to perform like they once did because there have earned the money there have always wanted. Although not all athletes are like this, an example of someone who is not is, Derek Jeter. â€Å"I have never seen a more complete baseball player then Derek Jeter. † According to the New York Times, Jeter has done nothing but improved since signing his very large contract extension. He has continued to be the same player he was when he entered the league and has also became an even better player (par. 1. ) In his 18th year in the league, Jeter continues to play strong and break MLB records, showing he deserves the large contract he is paid. Players who continue to play hard like this through their career deserve to earn a large about of money, but not the excessive amount that he currently is. But this is not the case with all big league players saying large contracts. For example Albert Pujols has just signed the largest multi-year contract in the history of the league, but currently struggles hitting, and has not yet hit a single homerun. After signing this new large contract he has been very unproductive and is showing to be a waste of millions of dollars for his new team. This shows that not all major league players deserve to make these huge multi-million dollar contracts that are being paid. Finally, some teams have and unfair advantage on the amount of big name players they are allowed to sign year to year. If the Major League Baseball officials would decide on a salary cap for each team it would give everyone a more equal chance of signing big name players. I personally think each team should be able to spend the same amount of money each season, to give each team a more equal chance of winning. By doing this it would minimize he amount of big name players could sign year after year, and also give the current lower income teams the ability to sign more big name players. If the league would put a cap on the amount of money a player can make and the amount of money each team can spend, would make the league a much better all around league, giving each team an equal chance of winning a World Series. In Conclusion, Major League Baseball players are wa y over paid. None of these athletes have a clue what it’s like to live off the salary of an average working American. Athletes continue to complain about the amount of money they are making each year, not being enough to support their families, while lower and middle class families are living life just fine making 10 times less the amount of money. Athletes aren’t proving they deserve to make the amount of money they do either, by becoming way less productive after signing there multi-million dollar contracts. When the league puts a set salary cap on each player and each team the league will become a much better thing. It will also make working Americans very happy, knowing athletes aren’t making as much money as they once did. If everyone would have the same contracts, it would also make ticket prices go down making it more affordable for fans to go to games. By having the same contracts, players would all play harder and also make fans of the game happier and more supportive of the players and owners of the league. When the average American can begin to make larger salaries, will be the day athletes deserve to make the large contracts like they currently are. Works Cited â€Å"How Much Does the Average American Make? Breaking Down the U. S. Household Income Numbers. † My Budget 360. N. P. N. D. Web. 25 April 2012. â€Å"Jeter, a True Yankee. † New York Times. 03 Dec. 2006. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 April 2012. â€Å"Market Correction needed for rookie MLB contracts? † Left Field: The Reuters Global Sports Blog. Richard Cato. 11 June 2009. Web. 25 April 2012. â€Å"MLB Minimum Salary to Increase to $480,000 with New CBA. † Los Angeles Dodgers Payroll. Eric Stephen. 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 25 April 2012.

The Contemporary Politics of Development in Nigeria

The Contemporary Politics of Development in Nigeria Neoliberalism Background For the past two decades, the concept of neoliberalism has been a subject of intense debate in many political and economic arenas. Scholars argue that we live in a world shaped by the ideology of neoliberalism. The term ‘neo’ means new or recent, therefore by its own definition, neoliberalism is a reincarnation of liberalism; meaning that the ideology of liberalism has undergone a complete transformation; a cycle that all ideologies seem to undergo.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Contemporary Politics of Development in Nigeria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This process includes the following stages: formulation and growth of the ideology, succeeded by a decline and finally emerging as a new and redefined ideology. Though neoliberalism stems out of liberalism, the two concepts are not identical (Wolfson 2004: 34). Classical liberalism is an ideology that advocates for a fr ee market economy, where the state has limited influence on the day to day business of its citizenry. Definition In an attempt to define and shed light on this phenomenon, neoliberalism can be termed as: â€Å"A theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills with an institutional framework characterized by strong property rights, free markets and free trade. The role of the state is to create and preserve an institutional framework appropriate to such practices. The state has to guarantee, fir example, the quality and integrity of money. It must also set up those military, defense, police and legal structures and functions required to secure private property rights and to guarantee, by force if need be, the proper functioning of markets. Furthermore, if markets do not exist (in areas such as land, water, education, health care and social security) then they must be created, by s tate action if necessary. But beyond these tasks the state should not venture. State interventions in markets (once created) must be kept to a bare minimum because, according to the theory, the state can not possibly possess enough information to second-guess market signals (prices) and because powerful interest groups will inevitably distort and bias state interventions (particularly in democracies) for their own benefit† (Harvey 2005: 2) This definition views neoliberalism as a distinctive phenomenon, separate from liberalism. Neoliberalism is therefore, a political ideology which, strongly proposes that the legitimate function of the state is to ensure individual security, commercial liberty and to safeguard property rights. When these conditions are achieved, then the market is said to be free to transact and facilitate exchange of goods and services.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political Development in Nigeria Background Nigeria is a federal republic with similar institutional structures as those found in the United States. This country has a population of 158 million people and a marked gross domestic product of 384 billion dollars and an annual growth rate of 9.1as per the 2010 fiscal year. Nigeria is an economic giant in the African region with vast resources in agriculture and in the oil industry. According to the report provided by the United Nation, on Human development index (HDI) in 2008, ranked Nigeria 159th out of the 177 countries. The table shows statistical data collected by the CIA World Factbook. Population (200) Life Expectancy (2008) Population below poverty line (2007) Total fertility rate (2008) Literacy (2008) Population living with HIV/AIDS 138,283,240 47.8 years 70% 5.4 Children/women 68% 5.4% Source: CIA World Factbook. The data in the table above shows a number of failures in the overly neoliberal Nigeria. Though Nigeria is endowed with natural resources, a majority of the population still in deplorable conditions with poor sanitation, housing, no piped water and electricity. These conditions are further worsened by foreign oil companies that are exploiting the rich oil resource while leaving behind a devastating surrounding (Ihovbere 1994, p.24). Poverty levels in Nigeria Under neoliberalism, markets forces seem to be dominating the global economy. Despite the vast resources, Nigeria like any other third world is in an unequal global economy, with its development largely dependent on loans from multinational corporations, local banks and the political elite. The Neoliberal policies have been imposed on the African countries. The international financial institutions (World Bank, IMF and WTO) ensure that there are neoliberal reforms attached to the funds that they loan the Africans. Economic disparities are further advanced by the neoliberal policies. In his book Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? Robert Wade claims that there has been a sizable gap in gross national products (GNPs) between the developed and the peripheral states (2004: 384). Wade also observes that claims of neoliberalism reducing poverty are not true, as the world economic inequalities seem to be rising everyday (2004: 400).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Contemporary Politics of Development in Nigeria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 2005 Millennium Development goals for the African region, showed an increased number of Nigerians surviving on less than a dollar a day. The report also showed that a growing number of people were slum dwellers (2005: 364-393). The gross domestic product per capita in Nigeria is $ 1,721 (United Nations Development Programme, 2006). This figure perhaps represents data for the wealth few in the State. More than a half of the Nigerians are still living below the poverty lines. The oil companies enjoy a business atmosphere uninterrupted by the state; as a result, there is a little concern over protection of the environment. Every year, there are over 300 oil spills in Nigeria and the oil companies seem less concerned. The locals around the oil fields have been left with barren lands that can not be used for subsistent farming (Okeagu 2006: 202). This has resulted in an increased migration to the urban areas; leading to massive congestions of people with no jobs and housing (Davis, 2006, p.23). This whole process has a net effect of reducing the productivity of the state and creation of slums within business districts. Neoliberalism promotes the ideology that the most efficient way to allocate resources is through the market, this is not the case in Nigeria, resource allocation only benefits a small cluster of wealthy individuals as the poverty gap between the poor and rich widens. Wage regulation is another condition of this ideology, as uncontrolle d wages might push the inflation even higher and that private sectors should be allowed to invest in public institutions and enterprises. These conditions, when applied in Nigeria, the beneficiaries are the few elites as poverty levels keep on rising (Okeagu 2006, p.108). The free- market economy and security The geo-politics of oil in Nigeria Oil accounts for 95% of the total export of Nigeria and like all regions with rich oil reserves, the western countries always find a way to control countries with this resource. Though government has jurisdiction over all oil fields, it is the foreign companies that dictate the terms (Junger, 2007). The free-market ideology has put this resource in the hands of private investors and the political class of Nigeria who work with foreign companies to exploit the extraction process. A militant group, called The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), unhappy with the way the foreign companies destroyed their environment, decided t o wage war against them. In 2006, they took control of the Niger Delta. The MEND was vicious and had resoted to killing as a way of combating the foreigners (Junger, 2007). Neoliberalization claims that the state should use its institutions to safeguard and protect the citizens and their properties.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the militia started causing havoc, the state militarized the river states at the Delta. In 2006, a joint task force of the security forces attacked and killed 15 members of the MEND. This region had been restricted and considered dangerous to the community around that area. The insecurity also caused the production of oil to decline, leading to a decline of 2.6% in the growth rate of Nigeria. This is what prompted President Olusegun Obasanjo to order the security forces to pacify the region. Ethnic Conflicts In the last four decades, Niger Delta has experienced ethnic conflicts that are fueled by the desire to gain social recognition and the agitation to control the oil resource; thereby posing substantial challenges to economic development. These communities are grossly dependent on socio-economic activities, but they are marginalized, psychologically alienated and underdeveloped (Suberu, 1996, p.31). The MEND and the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) enga ged in constant conflicts over resources and had proposed the creation of states based on ethnicity. In order to deal with these conflicts, the government decided to create institutions that would deal with that problem. These institutions included: the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) formed in 2000 and the Niger Delta Ministry (NDM) formed in 2009. Even thought these institutions were formed to develop the region, there is still a presence of conflict in the region. The free market allocation of resources proposed by the neoliberal theory has only caused more harm to the Niger Delta, as there is no evidence of equitable distribution (Castree, 2005, p.45). In view of this, people will always defend resources that maintain their survival and development leading to violent conflicts (Dibua, 2006, p.67). Neoliberalism visvis human rights According to the tenets of neoliberalism, the state is supposed to guarantee the freedoms and liberties of all the citizens. The fundamental rights of the modern Nigeria were first entrenched in the constitution in 1960 and were further revisited in 1999, when the bill of rights was included. Bill was aimed at protecting the political and economic well-being of the Nigerian people (Kalu, 2001, p.243-267). These rights have however been violated by both the government and its institutions. According to the report by Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and labour (2010), Nigeria experienced human rights violations that included: depriving the citizens the right to change their government. There was extrajudicial killing that was politically motivated and carried out by Nigerian security forces. According to the Amnesty International report (2009), security forces were responsible for exciting detainees in their custody. Societal Abuse and Discrimination Nigeria is currently by the federal law, which prohibits homosexual relations; homosexual offenses carry a sentence of up to 15 years in jail. Northern states of Nigeria are mostly comprised of a Muslim population and apply the Sharia law to its full extent. Individuals found engaging in homosexual activities are punished by stoning to death. In 2008, members of a church were stoned to death by an angry mob because they were friendly to the to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender groups (LGBT). As a fundamental right, the government should protect citizens against these discriminations (Herskovits, 1980). Another group that is also discriminated against is the group with persons living with HIV/AIDS. Some people regard this disease as an evidence of immoral behavior amongst people living with the virus. This group has further been discriminated against the work places, schools, hospitals and in other social faculties. In 2008, the Bauchi State Agency embarked on a mission to pair up couples that were HIV positive. By March the following year (2009), about 100 couples had been paired up and married. The activity was aimed at reducing and preventin g further spread of the HIV virus. This in itself is gross violation of Human freedoms of association. Rights of Association The law stipulates that all citizens are at liberty to form and join any trade unions of their choice. Though this true, the law has also formulated statutes of limitations. Trade unions have to meet the requirements of the law in order to the recognized. First, they must be registered by the government and must reach the thresh hold of 50 members in order to be considered for registration. These limitations were perhaps aimed at preventing the proliferation of small trade unions which are mostly formed by the lower income earners. In 2009, there were about 8 million people registered by unions, this represented 65 percent of the entire professional staff, both public and private (Koehn, 1998). However these figures have been declining fewer members registered each year. Although the laws states that unions should carry out their activities without any outside interruption, it also fails to effectively define what legal activity is and what is not. The Nigerian law also prohibits the right to strike; this is one of the fundamental rights of workers. The right to strike is universally accepted and it is to this effect that the International Labour Organization (ILO) ruled that this policy by the Nigerian government was contrary to the universal convention. This is to show that the government has failed to affect the ideals of the neoliberalism (Hushala, 2010) Child labour has also been common in Nigeria although this is contrary to the law. The government agents have failed to protect the Nigerian children against unlawful exploitation. The National Agency for the prevention of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) indicated that over 15 million underage children were involved in forced and child labour. The law requires that underage children may be employed to perform small chores and receive wages at the end of the day. This had not been obs erved by the perpetrators of this crime. And so far, nothing has been done to curb this vice. In 2010, the Nigerian parliament passed an Act that allowed workers to be compensated for work related injuries. These laws encompass all workers whether domestic or foreign (Ajulo, and Co. Castle of Law., 2008). Conclusion Contrary to popular belief that neoliberalism defines the modern society, the failure of the third world to successfully integrate it tenets in political and economic policies as witnessed in the case of Nigeria shows that this ideology has a long way to go as far as the developing economies are concerned. Bibliography Ajulo, K., and Co. Castle of Law., 2008. Constitutionalism and Fundamental human rights Nigeria. Legal Directions. Available at:  https://www.hg.org/ . Castree, N., 2005. Nature. New York: Routledge. Davis, M., 2006. Planet of Slums. New York: Verso. Dibua, J., 2006. Modernization and problem of development in Africa. Vermont: Ashgate Gramsci, A., 2007. Africa: The geo-politics of a modern democracy. New York: International Publishers. Harvey, D., 1996. Valuing Nature: Justice, nature and the geography of difference. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Inc. Herskovits, J., 1980. Democracy in Nigeria. Foreign Affairs. Available at:  https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/nigeria/1979-12-01/democracy-nigeria . Hushala, T. 2010. The politics of a dying Nation. New York: Syracuse University Press. Ihovbere, J. O., 1994. Nigeria: the politics of adjustment and democracy. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. Junger, S., 2007. Blood Oil. Vanity Fair. Available at:  https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/02/junger200702 . Kalu, K., 2001. Constitutionalism in Nigeria: A conceptual analysis of ethnicity and politics. The Nigerian Judicial Review, 8, pp. 53-84. Koehn, P., 1998. Political Developments in Nigeria-A Review Essay. Africa Today 35(1). Okeagu, J. E., 2006. The environment and social impact of petroleum and petroleum gas. New York. American Library. Suberu, T., 1996. Ethnic minority conflicts and governance in Nigeria. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited. Wade, R., 2004. Is globalization reducing poverty and Inequality? The International Journal of Health Service, 34(3), 381-414.

Assignment Project Management and Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment Project Management and Quiz - Essay Example For each PERT action, estimates are amalgamated thrice in order to settle on the potential activity completion period. On the other hand, in the case of CPM it is supposition is that the times are identified by assurance. The development of PERT took place in the period of 1958 when the Special Projects Office belonging to the U.S. Navy first founded the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) in order to prepare and manage the program of Polaris missile. Even today, PERT is used to supervise unlimited schedules of different government agreements. In 1957, about the same period as PERT, J. E.Kelly from Remington Rand as well as M. R.Walker belonging to du Pont worked out the critical path method (CPM). Initially, at du Pont CPM assisted in the construction and preservation of chemical plants. Among all the procedures of CPM and PERT six of them are similar in both cases. Initially, this includes portraying the project as well as all its momentous tasks or actions. Secondly, bu ilding up the connections among the activities and selecting which of the actions would head others. Thirdly, it involves mapping out the network linking the entire list of activities. Fourthly, it comprises of allocating time and the estimations of costs to individual activities. Next, it consists of calculating the most extensive time path via the network. Lastly, it contains the utilization of the network to assist in preparing, arranging, supervising and administrating the project. Both of these techniques are very advantageous. They formally recognize the duties and tasks which must be finalized on time in order to ensure that the entire project finishes on time. Moreover, it also works out which jobs and duties can be delayed for a period of time if there is a need for the reallocation of resources to get hold of the missed jobs. Conversely, the connection between tasks and time is not immediately clear. This makes it difficult for others to understand them who are not familia r with these techniques. Example of St. Paul Hospital In order to complete the project of the construction of St. Paul hospital, PERT and CPM techniques were used. Primarily, it was decided to select the medical and administrative staff for the hospital. Secondly, the site where the hospital would be located was chosen followed by extensive site survey in order to determine whether the site was suitable or not for the construction to begin. Subsequently, the selection of all the essential equipments was made which will be required to carry out the tasks in the hospital. Next, the final and conclusive construction proposals and designs were prepared. Followed by this, the utilities were to be brought to the site in order to begin the procedure of establishing the hospital. Later on the process of recruitment and selection of the hospital staff was to be carried out. This included sending out application forms along with the specified designation which was required. When the applicant s applied, interviews were to be held and positions were to be filled of the hospital staff. After that all the selected vital equipments were to be purchased and delivered to the site. Eventually, the construction of the hospital was to begin and ultimately completed. Work Cited Render.B, Stair.M.S, Hanna.M.E. Quantitative Analysis for Management. 10th Ed. NY: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited,

Introduction to the Old Testament and Pentateuch Essay

Introduction to the Old Testament and Pentateuch - Essay Example This section significantly covered the origin and fall of man beginning in the time of Adam and Eve then Noah and the Great Flood up to the tower of Babel – the moment the Lord confused the language of the whole world. Section II (Genesis 12 – 36) conveys the narrative of the patriarchs and matriarchs from Abraham and Sarah to Isaac and Rebecca then later descendants in Jacob who married Leah and Rachel. In this section, God’s covenant with Abraham is made known – the Covenant of Circumcision, where God spoke to Abraham and told him that he would become the father of many nations. The destruction of the sinful cities Sodom and Gomorrah by two of God’s angels as well as how Jacob obtained the name Israel are accounted for herein. Section III (Genesis 37, 39 - 50) initiates with the story of Joseph and his dreams and the moment his brothers sold him to the Ishmaelites from whom Potiphar bought him in Egypt. This narrative further includes Josephâ€⠄¢s journey in Egypt, his prosperity through the Pharaoh whose dreams he satisfactorily interpreted, and the time when he revealed himself to his brothers. The section also comprised rich details considering how Joseph took charge of the famine in both Egypt and Canaan and ends with the blessings and death of Jacob. (2) The Four Sources of the Pentateuch The Pentateuch was written over about five centuries from the 11th to the 6th century B.C. and then collected and edited during the Exile by the scholars who, in the last two centuries, performed thorough analytical study of the first five books especially of the alternate uses of the sacred name of YHWH with the generic noun for divinity, elohim. As collector and editor of the Pentateuch at the time of the Exile, they carefully joined four sources into the Pentateuch. These are the so-called Yahwist, Elohist, Priestly, and Deuteronomist sources and are usually abbreviated as J, E P, and D. Each source is distinct in its own theolog ical viewpoint and literary style to the books of the Pentateuch which may be observed upon critical reading. The Yahwist Source: The Yahwist source prefers to use the sacred tetragrammaton [the four Hebrew consonants = YHWH], which was pronounced as â€Å"Yahweh,† God’s personal name revealed to Moses at the Burning Bush. In literary style, the Yahwist is concrete and imaginative, using anthropomorphism [â€Å"in human form†] in its theological description of YHWH’s activities. The Yahwist was a collector of the old legendary stories of the mythic ancestors. The Yahwist writes from the point of view of the south during the time of the Divided Monarchy. The Elohist Source: In contrast to the Yahwist source, the Elohist source prefers to use the generic common noun for God, elohim. The Elohist is sober and moralistic. The Elohist writes from the point of view of the northern kingdom during the time of the Divided Monarchy. The Priestly Source: The Priestly source concentrates on genealogies and on the traditions of the Israelite priests. The Priestly author at the end of the Babylonian Exile may have done the compiling and editing of the Pentateuch. The Deuteronomist Source: The Deuteronomist source, written at the end of the monarchy, is characterized by its