Affirmative Action And Discrimination Against Women And...

A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities. By definition seems to explain affirmative action and to help subsidize for past discrimination. Affirmative action has foremost affects in college admissions and employment. Especially, in employment more qualified women applicants are hired solely in the fact that they are members of a minority group. The Women’s Movement has fought for the equality of women and I intend to show that affirmative action in today’s society. Affirmative action was first put into use during the 1960s under John F. Kennedy. The Civil Rights movement of 1964 emphasized the program. During that era discrimination among minorities and women was extremely high and there were many barriers. Affirmative action required employers to hire regardless of race, the affirmative action of today has changed, and employers now required to diversity i n human resources. The main goal of the action was to give minorities and women an equal opportunity at employment and. The program was brought into effect ratios of employment and college admissions between whites and blacks were not corresponding with population. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s women feminists fought to be treated equally. The feminists did not want special treatment nor did the feminists want to be treated as inferior to men. Affirmative action adds to the women’s dream that earlyShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action Is Important For Society1649 Words   |  7 Pages Affirmative action Affirmative action is an attempt to address past discriminatory injustices which may be based on gender, race or ethnicity. Affirmative action may take the form of policies and programs which are mostly mandated by governments and designed to bring changes in organizations, companies and educational institutions. Affirmative action is a vital tool which provides qualified people with equal access to educational or professional opportunities that they would otherwise have beenRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action924 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Affirmative Action began in 1965 when President Johnson signed the Executive Order 11246 in to law. The Executive Order prevents federal contractors from discriminating against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The phrase â€Å"affirmative action† was first coined, when federal contractors were required to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants were not discriminated against in anyway. When affirmative action was createdRead More Affirmative Action Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Affirmative action is a deliberate effort to provide full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas for women, minorities, and individuals belonging to other traditionally disadvantaged groups. As an issue of todays society, affirmative action requires corporations, universities and other organizations to establish programs designed to ensure that all applicants are treated fairly. It also places a burden of proof on the providers of opportunities;Read MoreAffirmative Action Necessary or Unnecessary? Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action was centered around 1961 because women and minorities were being discriminated against. By definition, affirmative action is â€Å"the encouragement of increased representation of women and minority-group members, especially in employment† (Dictionary.com). The main controversy of affirmative action is whether or not it is still necessary, and if it should be abolished all together. It was originally intended to benefit cultural groups that were thought to suffer from discriminationRead MoreAffirmative Action : Is It Still Needed1544 Words   |  7 Pagesits citizens under the law. When one citizen is mistreated an injustice has been committed ag ainst all people. Affirmative Action is a program whose purpose is to make sure that citizens are treated equally by enforcing a set of policies which are designed to promote the inclusion of all individuals regardless of race, disability, sex, or religion. In the United States democracy we are all equal, but some groups have been enjoying more advantages in society than others for centuries. Current statisticsRead MoreAffirmative Action : An Effective Organization1430 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Professor Jeffery Cahan 05/10/2016 Affirmative Action According to Merriam Webster, by definition â€Å"Affirmative Action is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women. Also similar effort to promote the rights or progress of other disadvantaged persons† Affirmative action has been a hot topic among some American citizens and government officials. â€Å"Affirmative action is the process of a business or governmentalRead MoreThe Equal Employment Opportunity Act1119 Words   |  5 Pagesand gender minorities on the same level of white males in employment (â€Å"Equal Employment†). This was because of the dominance that white males held in the workplace and the struggle for minorities to get and keep a job, sometimes due to discrimination. Through this act, Affirmative Action was established to ensure that a certain amount of minorities were able to get a quality education and to get jobs in places that they would have struggled to be employed at before. Affirmative Action has helpedRead MoreThe Benefits Of Affirmative Action855 Words   |  4 PagesThe benefits of affirmative action for society The ethical issues around the policy of affirmative action often raises disputes in the society. The opponents of the affirmative action or positive discrimination consider that it is the same discrimination, but of the minority against the majority. Some opponents consider that the affirmative action not only does not help the groups of minority, but also diminishes their achievements by providing them extra opportunities. Undoubtedly, there is a reasonRead MoreAffirmative Action vs Reverse Discrimination Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesAffirmative Action or Reverse Discrimination Colleen Koehn Business Law 1038 Instructor Jackie Sexson March 1, 2010 South University Online There has been a large debate in recent years if affirmative action has gone against the American way, has affirmative action caused reverse discrimination? The establishment of affirmative action was put into place to create equal rights for racial minorities, ethnic minorities, women, the physically disabled and those who served in the militaryRead More Affirmative Action - We Should Not Forget Americas Racist Past1486 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative Action - We Should Not Forget Americas Racist Past Affirmative Action has become of the most controversial social policy issues to be discussed in recent years. It is controversial because it challenges fundamental American beliefs. As Seymour Martin Lipset put it: Affirmative Action policies have forced a sharp confrontation between two core American values: equality and individualism.(Dudley7) This values oriented approach, which pervades popular discussion and derives from

Socioeconomic Factors that Lure Individuals into Gangs

There are a variety of traditional socioeconomic factors that have an impact on an individuals choice to join a gang. These factors include a shifting labor market, poverty, disfunctional family, no or poor education, development of an underclass, and the enticement of what being a gang member offers the individual. The gang may offer the individual security, acceptance, and help just surviving. The basic needs an individual must fulfill was first addressed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1951. He proposed that a hierarchy of needs existed. This hierarchy of needs are five basic needs that have to be fulfilled. The first need is physiological. This is the basic survival needs such as shelter, food, and water. This need is usually met by the parents at birth and is maintained until the individual becomes an adult. Next comes the need for security and safety. This need is often found in a stable family environment. This environment provides the individual structure, freedom from fear s, and protection for the individual. The third need is to feel loved and like they belong. This is a basic need for all humans. When an individual does not feel as though they belong to a functional family or group, they will seek acceptance elsewhere, possibly in a gang. Next is the need for self esteem and confidence. An individual needs to feel confident, respected, and feel that they have a good reputation. Often individuals become members of a gang not only for theShow MoreRelatedWhy Juvenile Choose a Gang Lifestyle?1774 Words   |  8 PagesGangs have been in existence since the beginning of the Roman Empire. There were speeches made by Roman orator, Marcus Tullius Cicero, which references groups of men who constantly fought and disrupted Roman politics (Curry, 2013). The history of street gangs in the United States begins with their emergence on the East Coast around 1783, as the American Revolution ended. Though many believe the best available evidence suggests that th e more serious street gangs likely did not emerge until theRead MoreJuvenile Gangs2762 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Juvenile Gangs Introduction Juvenile street gangs are expanding, and evolving into crime that has not been linked to gangs in the past, according to the FBI. While they expand into white-collar type crimes like counterfeiting, identity theft and mortgage fraud, they also continue to be involved in illegal activities that they are more well known for, such as drug sales, recruiting new members, violent turf wars, and prostitution, the FBI reports. The number of active street gangs (including gangs inRead MoreWhat Are the Major Issues That Cause Inner City Youth to Join Gangs and Become Delinquent? Discuss Whether the New Labour Government’s Policies Have Been Effective in Solving These Issues?8138 Words   |  33 Pagesissues that cause inner city youth to join gangs and become delinquent? Discuss whether the New Labour Government’s policies have been effective in solving these issues? 2010 Project by: Alice Mutumba Student No: 05038460 CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary The perception that gang culture in relation to youth crime is growing in the UK is intensified by the media, it is very rare to read a daily paper these days without coming across some mention of gang related crime. In order to understandRead MoreThe Impact of Management Information System in Banking and Its Efficiency5000 Words   |  20 Pagesoccupation. Proponents of this view believe that prostitution is a manifestation of the violence of men against women. Accordingly, women do not rationally and freely enter prostitution but are led into this condition by social, political and economical factors. As a result of this view of prostitution, we feel empathy for the victims, the prostitutes themselves, and we seek their decriminalization, along with the prosecution of the johns and pimps who are responsible for the exploitation of the women. AnotherRead MoreDate Rape in the Philippines11669 Words   |  47 Pagesand Control rape claims ninety percent of rapes are never reported. In those that are reported, sixty percent knew their assailants. Of these, women fifteen to twenty-five are majority of the victims. Alcohol and drugs sometimes play a significant factor, especially in date rape or acquaintance rape cases (Mousseau, 2006). In the Philippines rape is very apparent as well, the article of Tolià ±o-Mendoza presents the Philippine national police statistics for the year 2009. â€Å"A total of 3,159 rape casesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagessites like Twitter that Iranian activists could raise the alert as to possible discrepancies in the re-election of President Ahmadinejad. †¢ When the media has so many other motives, it can hardly be relied on to provide reliable information. The individual, on the other hand, has less hidden agendas. Mainstream GOOD: Use professional journalists (compared to citizen journalism) – content quality †¢ Citizen journalist â€Å"on-the ground† reports vs. professional whose sole purpose is to uncover eachRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 UnderstandingRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesfuture: the implications for marketing planning Approaches to environmental analysis and scanning Summary 5 Approaches to customer analysis 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Learning objectives Introduction Coming to terms with buyer behaviour Factors influencing consumer behaviour The buying decision process The rise of the new consumer and the implications for marketing planning Organizational buying behaviour The growth of relationship marketing Summary Appendix: The drivers of consumer changeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesEssential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and Individual Differences 21 Summary 23 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON

Climate Change and Fisheries

Question: Discuss about theClimate Change and Fisheries. Answer: Introduction: Climate is constantly changing. There can be many reasons of change in climate. It can be due to human activities such as burning of fuels i.e. coal, oil natural gases, agricultural and land clearing. It is cause of extra heat in the climate, melting snow and ice and raising global sea levels. This increasing heat in climate has affected atmospheric and ocean circulation which also impacts on change in rainfall and wind pattern[1]. Climate change is due to increased level of greenhouse gases in atmosphere which brings more heat in the climate. The ratio of carbon dioxide and methane is continuously increasing over the past time. Due to climate changes, heat waves have been increasing more in the past 50 years[2]. Climate change is also impacting on south Western Australia includes: Temperature: Since 1950, there is an increment in the temperature of 0.1 to 0.2 degree Celsius every year. Rainfall: Between 1950- 2011, rainfall in south-western Australia has decreased. Sea level increase: Increment in the level of sea is recorded 1.5 millimeter every year. Climate Adaptation Adaptation is a process by which individual, groups, or countries try to come out from the consequences of climate change. People are adapting to changing condition of climate from any years. It consists of taking effective actions to manage risk raised from the climate change to protect the economy. Adaptation basically refers to the dealing with the consequences of climate change[3]. Climate Changes for South-western Australia South-western Australia has also faced problems by climate change. It affects the communities, industries and ecosystem of country. It has been observed that temperature is increased and winter rainfall is decreased during the last century. Declining rainfall has determined responses to climate change. It can be seen that there are change in the temperature, rainfall and sea level of the country[4]. Climate change in South-western Australia has also impacted on fisheries. Impact on Fisheries Climate change has also affected Australian fisheries by increasing ocean temperature, changes into ocean current, changes in wind, change rainfall patterns and change in the level of ocean. Fluctuations in the climate, have always affected fisheries and their management performance. The atmosphere of sea will be warm within 50-100 years and the level of sea will also rise due to huge increment of water and melting of ice. Ph of sea will be acidic due to more carbon dioxide, and the flow pattern could change at local, regional and global level[5]. Due to climate change, there are going to be up and downs in fish stocks. Up and downs in fish stocks will be the reason of main economic changes for lots of areas and economies that rely on fisheries. The affects of climate change can be considered as physical and biological change. Physical change consists of increment in the temperature of sea surface, level rise of sea, and increase in the level of acid in the ocean. Biological changes comprise of changes in primary manufacture and fish stock allocation. When these factors combine, it creates a big impact on fisheries[6]. European regulators consider that fisheries could drop as much as $17 billion to $41 billion within 2050 because of climate change[7]. Researchers are saying that ocean is rapidly changing its chemistry and condition. It will be a great impact on commercial fisheries by changing the allocation and plenty of marine species and ecosystem[8]. More Effects of on Fisheries Because of fluctuations in whether, south-western Australia faces decreasing in fishing time and destroying or damaging the resources and infrastructure of fishery such as lending sits, boats and device. Increment in storm and wave may decrease the figure of fishing days, capability to arrive at particle location, and availability of fish in particular seasons. The ability to catch fishes is affected not only but bad weather but also change in distribution shifts of fishes away from major ports and economic zones. Moves in distributional shift may become a big problem in some areas while others fishers may get fishes in access[9]. Adaptation By Fisheries Fisheries are already living and adapting to climate changes by moving to another location and that time at the fish they aim. For instance, fishers in the area of east beach logline fishery use different ports for their fishing, and modify their operating place for distribution according to availability of places. In 2004, the Indian Ocean Tsunami affected India as well as other countries. It resulted in a review of fisheries organization in the south with a target of living diversification and post-harvest employment opportunities[10]. In South-western Australia, government gave support to fishers: To provide nearby locations of fishing, To eliminate others organization control, To offer little interest loans, and To make available funds so that the impacts of climate changes can be minimized. Sometimes, climate change can be beneficial for some fisheries in Australia i.e. for hot temperature species, shifting their allocation and comparative plenty. For, example, south-western fisheries can get opportunities where fishes move in south. If fishers change their way and operate without spending additional cost, travel, time and in fuel consumption, they will try to take benefit from opportunities. Diversifying efforts to aim new fishes may be an important adaptation strategy for fisheries to take advantage. Using new harvest techniques for fishing can be efficient technique for fisheries[11]. Coastal management industry can support marine industry from chances that comes from climate change. For example, from different variety of shifting fishes, and creates labor market opportunities for the effected sectors. Adaptation to harmful impacts of weather change can be minimized by identifying substitute species, diversification to new sectors and specialized mobility or elastici ty. Management Adaptation to Maintain Sustainable Fisheries The capacity of fisheries to settle in and maintain their sustainability under climate change depends upon the strategies of management. The framework of adaptive management will always lead to success. For adaptation, fisheries will have to be more approachable to fishing opportunity. Improved fisheries management will be important for minimizing the negative impact on climate change and promoting more pliant fish stock. There is broad array of options existing for fisheries management to minimize the impact of bad climate such as integrated management system that consist of social, economical and ecological values. A planned adaptation can also reduce the negative impact of climate change[12]. By adaptive management framework, such as approaches of co-management and ecosystem, there should be target of building adaptive ability, dropping venerability, and rising social-ecological flexibility. Conclusion Thus, it has been observed that fisheries in south-western Australia will face future challenges with the changes in climate. It is well known that adaptation is available as an option and information can be provided regarding adaptation. Fisheries can use adaptive strategy by changing in distributional shifts of species in locations according to climate change, expand their range of species, and expand the area of catches according to availability. In the case of species distribution shift, management agencies need to work with fisheries for the future. Bad Climate is effecting, and will distress south-western Australias fishing industries. By the effective adaptation planning, fisheries can be more able to adjust with future changes and gain advantages of opportunities connected with climate change. Recommendations There are also some barriers with the adaptation process. First, adaptation is possible for small sectors and second, future climate change is uncertain then it creates problem to overcome from the negative impact of climate change. So, there can be some recommendations for the management of fisheries: Due to uncertainty of climate change, there should be short planning that encourage and focus on immediate problem created by climate change. To overcome from the barriers in adaptive strategy, there should be ongoing involvement of management of fishing industries to assist government so that government will be capable to overcome the effects of climate change. References: Bindoff Nathaniel and Jurgen Willebrand. Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis. UK:Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007 Bo Lim and Erika Spanger-Siegfried. Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change: Developing Strategies, Policies and Measures. UK: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2005 Department of the environment and energy, understanding climate change,(2016): accessed August 29, 2016, Dillman Terry. Climate Changes Could Affect Pacific Fisheries, Fishermens news, September 1, 2015 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, State of world fisheries and aquaculture (2010), Hobday AJ and ESPoloczanska. Marine fisheries and aquaculture. dapting agriculture to climate change: preparing Australian agriculture, forestry and fisheries for the future. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2010 Holbrook Neil and Johanna Johnson, Climate change impacts and adaptation of commercial marine fisheries in Australia: a review of the science. Climate change 124, 4(2014): 703-715 Lim, Bo and Spanger-Siegfried, Erika. Adaptation Policy Frameworks for Climate Change: Developing Strategies, Policies and Measures. UK: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2005 OECD, The Economics of Adapting Fisheries to Climate Change, (2010) Tim Daw and Neil Adger, Climate Change and Capture Fisheries impacts, adaptation, mitigation, and the way forward. WorldFish Centre, (2009) url: https://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/climate-science/understanding-climate-change Western-Australian Government, Adapting to our climate change, (2012),